On May 2 , Dr. Carl Van Horn was a keynote speaker for the 2011 annual conference of the International Association of Jewish Vocational Services in Toronto, Canada. Drawing on extensive national surveys of unemployed Americans conducted by the Heldrich Center, he discussed The Effects of the Great Recession on American Workers: What It Means for Workforce Policy and Practice. Dr. Van Horn argued that prolonged periods of unemployment had had significant financial and emotional effects on U.S. job seekers that could force public policymakers and private nonprofit groups to consider changes to traditional workforce development programs. The full presentation is available for download.