From 2007 to 2008, the Heldrich Center and Rutgers School of Management and Labor Relations at Rutgers University studied the effect of information technology on the logistics industry and its workforce, with a particular focus on the Port of New York and New Jersey. The study identified how the logistics chain's rapid transformation restructured its labor markets. The research team tested and confirmed three hypotheses: (1) Wages and working conditions throughout the product supply chain have deteriorated, (2) public policy and organized labor play a role in influencing employer choices as to whether they take the "high" or "low" road to competitive success, and (3) shortages in the labor market for highly educated workers in the logistics chain have emerged, putting them in a position to demand high wages and desirable working conditions.