From 2005 to 2010, the Heldrich Center conducted a study of the workforce implications of nanotechnology in the United States. The study included workforce assessments of the nanotechnology industry in three regions of the United States. The Heldrich Center used interviews and a web-based survey of companies to understand the changing skill and educational requirements of the nanotechnology industry in Phoenix and Tempe, Arizona. The Heldrich Center also reviewed the capacity of local educational institutions to meet expected demand for nanotechnology workers in the region. Finally, the center conducted a census of nanotechnology degree programs in the United States and described key trends in the development of these programs.